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Descriptor English: Phenytoin
Descriptor Spanish: Fenitoína
Descriptor fenitoína
Entry term(s) Difenin
Phenhydan
difenilhidantoína
fenitoína sódica
Scope note: Anticonvulsivante que se utiliza en una amplia variedad de convulsiones. Es también antiarrítmico y relajante muscular. Su mecanismo de acción terapéutica no está claro, aunque se han descrito diversas acciones celulares, incluyendo efectos sobre los canales iónicos, el transporte activo y la estabilización general de la membrana. El mecanismo de su efecto relajante muscular parece que está relacionado con la reducción de la sensibilidad de los husos musculares al estiramiento. Se ha propuesto el uso de la fenitoína para otros fines terapéuticos, aunque tiene un uso limitado por sus muchos efectos adversos e interacciones con otros fármacos.
Descriptor Portuguese: Fenitoína
Descriptor French: Phénytoïne
Entry term(s): 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin
5,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
Antisacer
Difenin
Dihydan
Dilantin
Diphenylhydantoin
Diphenylhydantoinate, Sodium
Epamin
Epanutin
Fenitoin
Hydantol
Phenhydan
Phenytoin Sodium
Sodium Diphenylhydantoinate
Tree number(s): D03.383.129.308.432.555.730
RDF Unique Identifier: https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010672
Scope note: An anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.
Allowable Qualifiers: AA analogs & derivatives
AD administration & dosage
AE adverse effects
AG agonists
AI antagonists & inhibitors
AN analysis
BL blood
CF cerebrospinal fluid
CH chemistry
CL classification
CS chemical synthesis
EC economics
HI history
IM immunology
IP isolation & purification
ME metabolism
PD pharmacology
PK pharmacokinetics
PO poisoning
RE radiation effects
SD supply & distribution
ST standards
TO toxicity
TU therapeutic use
UR urine
Pharm Action: Anticonvulsants
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers
Registry Number: 6158TKW0C5
CAS Type 1 Name: 2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 5,5-diphenyl-
Public MeSH Note: 78; was DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN 1963-77
Online Note: use PHENYTOIN to search DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN 1966-77
History Note: 78; was DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN 1963-77
DeCS ID: 10867
Unique ID: D010672
NLM Classification: QV 85
Documents indexed in the Virtual Health Library (VHL): Click here to access the VHL documents
Date Established: 1966/01/01
Date of Entry: 1999/01/01
Revision Date: 2017/06/29
Phenytoin - Preferred
Concept UI M0016580
Scope note An anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.
Preferred term Phenytoin
Entry term(s) 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin
5,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
Diphenylhydantoin
Fenitoin
Difenin - Narrower
Concept UI M0016582
Preferred term Difenin
Dihydan - Narrower
Concept UI M0016581
Preferred term Dihydan
Phenytoin Sodium - Narrower
Concept UI M0016579
Preferred term Phenytoin Sodium
Entry term(s) Diphenylhydantoinate, Sodium
Sodium Diphenylhydantoinate
Epamin - Narrower
Concept UI M0016584
Preferred term Epamin
Epanutin - Narrower
Concept UI M0353241
Preferred term Epanutin
Hydantol - Narrower
Concept UI M0016585
Preferred term Hydantol
Antisacer - Narrower
Concept UI M0353224
Preferred term Antisacer
Dilantin - Related but not broader or narrower
Concept UI M0016583
Preferred term Dilantin
Phenhydan - Narrower
Concept UI M000747785
Preferred term Phenhydan



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