PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES Chemical Phenomena [G02] Chemical Phenomena Biochemical Phenomena [G02.111] Biochemical Phenomena Acid-Base Equilibrium [G02.111.007] Acid-Base Equilibrium Acylation [G02.111.012] Acylation Aerobiosis [G02.111.017] Aerobiosis Agglutination [G02.111.026] Agglutination Alkylation [G02.111.035] Alkylation Allosteric Regulation [G02.111.044] Allosteric Regulation Amination [G02.111.053] Amination Anaerobiosis [G02.111.062] Anaerobiosis Autotrophic Processes [G02.111.071] Autotrophic Processes Base Composition [G02.111.080] Base Composition Binding, Competitive [G02.111.084] Binding, Competitive Biocatalysis [G02.111.086] Biocatalysis Biomineralization [G02.111.092] Biomineralization Biosynthetic Pathways [G02.111.098] Biosynthetic Pathways Biotinylation [G02.111.109] Biotinylation Body Composition [G02.111.130] Body Composition Brain Chemistry [G02.111.150] Brain Chemistry Carbohydrate Metabolism [G02.111.158] Carbohydrate Metabolism Citric Acid Cycle [G02.111.165] Citric Acid Cycle Cyclization [G02.111.180] Cyclization Dealkylation [G02.111.188] Dealkylation Deamination [G02.111.192] Deamination Decarboxylation [G02.111.195] Decarboxylation DNA Cleavage [G02.111.210] DNA Cleavage DNA Methylation [G02.111.218] DNA Methylation DNA Repair [G02.111.222] DNA Repair DNA Replication [G02.111.225] DNA Replication Down-Regulation [G02.111.240] Down-Regulation Electron Transport [G02.111.248] Electron Transport Energy Transfer [G02.111.255] Energy Transfer Enzyme Activation [G02.111.263] Enzyme Activation Esterification [G02.111.270] Esterification Halogenation [G02.111.323] Halogenation Heterotrophic Processes [G02.111.375] Heterotrophic Processes Hydrogenation [G02.111.380] Hydrogenation Hydroxylation [G02.111.385] Hydroxylation Kinetics [G02.111.490] Kinetics Lipid Peroxidation [G02.111.515] Lipid Peroxidation Lipogenesis [G02.111.528] Lipogenesis Lipolysis [G02.111.534] Lipolysis Lipoylation [G02.111.540] Lipoylation Membrane Fluidity [G02.111.550] Membrane Fluidity Molecular Mimicry [G02.111.560] Molecular Mimicry Molecular Structure [G02.111.570] Molecular Structure Nitrogen Cycle [G02.111.587] Nitrogen Cycle Nitrosation [G02.111.595] Nitrosation Nucleic Acid Denaturation [G02.111.603] Nucleic Acid Denaturation Nucleic Acid Hybridization [G02.111.611] Nucleic Acid Hybridization Nucleic Acid Renaturation [G02.111.619] Nucleic Acid Renaturation Osmoregulation [G02.111.635] Osmoregulation Osmosis [G02.111.655] Osmosis Peptide Biosynthesis [G02.111.660] Peptide Biosynthesis Phosphorylation [G02.111.665] Phosphorylation Phototrophic Processes [G02.111.669] Phototrophic Processes Prenylation [G02.111.672] Prenylation Protein Aggregation, Pathological [G02.111.675] Protein Aggregation, Pathological Protein Binding [G02.111.679] Protein Binding Protein Folding [G02.111.688] Protein Folding Protein Modification, Translational [G02.111.691] Protein Modification, Translational Protein Multimerization [G02.111.694] Protein Multimerization Protein Stability [G02.111.700] Protein Stability Proteolysis [G02.111.720] Proteolysis Proteostasis [G02.111.730] Proteostasis RNA Cleavage [G02.111.740] RNA Cleavage RNA Folding [G02.111.750] RNA Folding RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional [G02.111.760] RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional RNA Replication [G02.111.770] RNA Replication RNA Stability [G02.111.780] RNA Stability Sequence Homology [G02.111.810] Sequence Homology Signal Transduction [G02.111.820] Signal Transduction Hippo Signaling Pathway [G02.111.820.200] Hippo Signaling Pathway Ion Channel Gating [G02.111.820.400] Ion Channel Gating Light Signal Transduction [G02.111.820.480] Light Signal Transduction MAP Kinase Signaling System [G02.111.820.560] MAP Kinase Signaling System Mechanotransduction, Cellular [G02.111.820.580] Mechanotransduction, Cellular Non-Neuronal Cholinergic System [G02.111.820.690] Non-Neuronal Cholinergic System Second Messenger Systems [G02.111.820.800] Second Messenger Systems Synaptic Transmission [G02.111.820.850] Synaptic Transmission Wnt Signaling Pathway [G02.111.820.925] Wnt Signaling Pathway Structure-Activity Relationship [G02.111.830] Structure-Activity Relationship Substrate Cycling [G02.111.833] Substrate Cycling Substrate Specificity [G02.111.835] Substrate Specificity Transcription, Genetic [G02.111.873] Transcription, Genetic Up-Regulation [G02.111.905] Up-Regulation PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES Cell Physiological Phenomena [G04] Cell Physiological Phenomena Autophagy [G04.011] Autophagy Cell Adhesion [G04.022] Cell Adhesion Cell Competition [G04.033] Cell Competition Cellular Senescence [G04.043] Cellular Senescence Cell Communication [G04.085] Cell Communication Cell Compartmentation [G04.128] Cell Compartmentation Cell Count [G04.140] Cell Count Cell Cycle [G04.144] Cell Cycle Cell Death [G04.146] Cell Death Cell Dedifferentiation [G04.148] Cell Dedifferentiation Cell Differentiation [G04.152] Cell Differentiation Cell Fusion [G04.155] Cell Fusion Cell Growth Processes [G04.161] Cell Growth Processes Cell-in-Cell Formation [G04.165] Cell-in-Cell Formation Cell Lineage [G04.172] Cell Lineage Cell Membrane Permeability [G04.175] Cell Membrane Permeability Cell Movement [G04.198] Cell Movement Cell Polarity [G04.250] Cell Polarity Cell Respiration [G04.270] Cell Respiration Cell Shape [G04.320] Cell Shape Cell Size [G04.325] Cell Size Cell Survival [G04.346] Cell Survival Cell Transdifferentiation [G04.356] Cell Transdifferentiation Cellular Microenvironment [G04.366] Cellular Microenvironment Clonal Evolution [G04.375] Clonal Evolution Contact Inhibition [G04.383] Contact Inhibition Cytoplasmic Streaming [G04.392] Cytoplasmic Streaming DNA Packaging [G04.400] DNA Packaging Endocytosis [G04.417] Endocytosis Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress [G04.434] Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Exocytosis [G04.468] Exocytosis Lymphocyte Cooperation [G04.502] Lymphocyte Cooperation Membrane Fluidity [G04.570] Membrane Fluidity Membrane Fusion [G04.575] Membrane Fusion Membrane Potentials [G04.580] Membrane Potentials Mitochondrial Swelling [G04.590] Mitochondrial Swelling Mitochondrial Turnover [G04.599] Mitochondrial Turnover Organelle Biogenesis [G04.618] Organelle Biogenesis Organelle Shape [G04.655] Organelle Shape Organelle Size [G04.670] Organelle Size Radiation Tolerance [G04.712] Radiation Tolerance Re-Epithelialization [G04.753] Re-Epithelialization Receptor Aggregation [G04.774] Receptor Aggregation Receptor Cross-Talk [G04.794] Receptor Cross-Talk Signal Transduction [G04.835] Signal Transduction Excitation Contraction Coupling [G04.835.199] Excitation Contraction Coupling Hippo Signaling Pathway [G04.835.300] Hippo Signaling Pathway Ion Channel Gating [G04.835.400] Ion Channel Gating Light Signal Transduction [G04.835.480] Light Signal Transduction MAP Kinase Signaling System [G04.835.560] MAP Kinase Signaling System Mechanotransduction, Cellular [G04.835.580] Mechanotransduction, Cellular Non-Neuronal Cholinergic System [G04.835.690] Non-Neuronal Cholinergic System Second Messenger Systems [G04.835.800] Second Messenger Systems Synaptic Transmission [G04.835.850] Synaptic Transmission Wnt Signaling Pathway [G04.835.925] Wnt Signaling Pathway Trogocytosis [G04.917] Trogocytosis

Signal Transduction - Preferred

Concept UI	M0023729
Scope note	The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Preferred term	Signal Transduction
Entry term(s)	Cell Signaling Signal Transduction System Signal Transduction Systems Signal Transductions System, Signal Transduction Systems, Signal Transduction Transduction, Signal Transductions, Signal

Signal Pathways - Narrower

Concept UI	M0023728
Preferred term	Signal Pathways
Entry term(s)	Pathway, Signal Pathways, Signal Signal Pathway

Signal Transduction Pathways - Narrower

Concept UI	M0023730
Preferred term	Signal Transduction Pathways
Entry term(s)	Pathway, Signal Transduction Pathways, Signal Transduction Signal Transduction Pathway

Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction - Narrower

Concept UI	M0023727
Preferred term	Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction
Entry term(s)	Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated